The last in that chain could have introduced independent errors, which is why you have to cite where you actually got the material.
2.
But this does not help the parser work out how to parse the remainder of the input program to look for further, independent errors.
3.
If X and Y are taken to be imperfect measurements of underlying variables X'and Y'with independent errors, then r _ { x'y'} measures the true correlation between X'and Y '.
4.
We need to know the statistical model, as stated above . ( The standard treatment assumes independent errors with a normal distribution . ) You might be interested in this Wikipedia article : Experimental uncertainty analysis written by a retired nuclear scientist guy ."
5.
For example, if all voters are rational and cast a strategically optimal vote based on a common knowledge of how all the other voters vote except for small-probability, statistically independent errors in recording the votes, then the winner will be the Condorcet winner, if one exists.
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